Cork Irish

Tugaim is an irregular verb. Its verbal noun is tabhairt /tu:rʹtʹ/. The verbal adjective is tabhartha /tu:rhə/.

Audio files were read by Eoiní Mhaidhc Ó Súilleabháin, native speaker in the Cork Gaeltacht, August 10th-11th 2010.

Habitual present tense

Note: the historically correct forms are do-bheirim and ní thugaim. Bheirim is often used in tandem with tugaim in the absolute in Peadar Ua Laoghaire, particularly in the first person singular, but otherwise tugaim can be said to have replaced bheirim other than in sayings and other calcified usages. In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after ní and after the relative particle, although current usage varies. The autonomous form can also be tugthar /tugəhər/.

Simple past tense

Note: the past-tense autonomous form is not lenited after do or níor or after the direct relative particle.

Future tense

Note: the historically correct forms are do-bhéarad and ní thiubhrad. The absolute form bhéarfad is occasionally used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire in the first person singular. In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after ní and after the relative particle, although current usage varies.

Conditional tense

Note: the historically correct forms are do-bhéarainn and ní thiubhrainn. In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after ní and after the relative particle, although current usage varies.

Habitual past or imperfect tense

Note: the historically correct forms are do-bheirinn and ní thabhrainn. In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after ní and after the relative particle, although current usage varies. The second person singular can also be pronounced /də hugtɑ:/.

Imperative mood

Note: the historically correct forms would be tabhraim, etc, of which root tabhair is the only survival in the imperative. The autonomous form can also be tugthar /tugəhər/.

Present subjunctive

Note: in traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after nár, although current usage varies. The present subjunctive is often replaced by the future tense. The autonomous form can also be tugthar /tugəhər/.

Imperfect subjunctive

Note: the historically correct form is dá dtabhrainn. The past subjunctive is often replaced by the conditional tense. The second person singular can also be pronounced /dɑ: dugtɑ:/.