Cork Irish

October 15, 2009

gheibhim

Filed under: Uncategorized — admin @ 6:58 pm

Gheibhim is an irregular verb with faighim in the dependent. The dependent form was traditionally spelled with a broad -gh- in most tenses (eg, faghaim) and a slender -gh- in the future and conditional only, although this distinction is not observed today. The verbal noun is fáil /fɑ:lʹ/. The verbal adjective is fálta /fɑ:lhə/; more traditional alternatives in use in parts of Munster include faighte and fachta. Fálta was used in Peadar Ua Laoghaire’s works; I have heard both faighte and fachta in the present-day Cúíl Aodha Gaeltacht.

Audio files were read by Eoiní Mhaidhc Ó Súilleabháin, native speaker in the Cork Gaeltacht, August 10th-11th 2010.

Habitual present tense

affirmative form negative form
I gheibhim Audio jəimʹ ní fhaighim Audio nʹi: əimʹ
you s. gheibheann tú jəin tu: ní fhaigheann tú nʹi: əin tu:
he gheibheann sé jəin sʹe: ní fhaigheann sé nʹi: əin sʹe:
we gheibhimíd jəimʹi:dʹ ní fhaighimíd nʹi: əimʹi:dʹ
you pl. gheibheann sibh jəin sʹivʹ ní fhaigheann sibh nʹi: əin sʹivʹ
they gheibhid siad jəidʹ sʹiəd ní fhaighid siad nʹi: əidʹ sʹiəd
one gheibhtear jəitər ní faightear nʹi: fəitər

Note: this verb was historically do-gheibhim, explaining the lenition. The negative form is ní fhaighim, and not the Kerry form ní bhfaighim cited in the book Teach Yourself Irish. In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after and after the relative particle, although current usage varies.

Simple past tense

affirmative form negative form
I do fuaras Audio də fuərəs ní bhfuaras nʹi: vuərəs Audio
you s. do fuarais də fuərisʹ ní bhfuarais nʹi: vuərisʹ
he do fuair sé də fuərʹ sʹe: ní bhfuair sé nʹi: vuərʹ sʹe:
we do fuaramair də fuərəmirʹ ní bhfuaramair nʹi: vuərəmirʹ
you pl. do fuarabhair də fuəru:rʹ ní bhfuarabhair nʹi: vuəru:rʹ
they do fuaradar də fuərədər ní bhfuaradar nʹi: vuərədər
one do fuaradh də fuərəg níor fuaradh nʹi:r fuərəg

Note: the past-tense autonomous form is not lenited after do or níor or after the direct relative particle. The autonomous is also found as do fuarthas; the traditional form was do frith. The future forms are an bhfuair?, etc.

Future tense

affirmative form negative form
I geobhad, geobhaidh mé Audio gʹo:d, gʹo: mʹe: ní bhfaighead, ní bhfaighidh mé Audio nʹi: vəid, nʹi: vəi mʹe:
you s. geobhair, geobhaidh tú gʹo:rʹ, gʹo: tu: ní bhfaighir, ní bhfaighidh tú nʹi: vəirʹ, nʹi: vəi tu:
he geobhaidh sé gʹo: sʹe: ní bhfaighidh sé nʹi: vəi sʹe:
we geobhaimíd gʹo:mʹi:dʹ ní bhfaighimíd nʹi: vəimʹi:dʹ
you pl. geobhaidh sibh gʹo: sʹivʹ ní bhfaighidh sibh nʹi: vəi sʹivʹ
they geobhaid siad gʹo:dʹ sʹiəd ní bhfaighid siad nʹi: vəidʹ sʹiəd
one geofar gʹo:fər ní faighfear nʹi: fəifər

Note: The future was traditionally gheobhad, but the form is generally delenited in Cork Irish today (this means that gheibhim shares a future form with gabhaim in the absolute, and sometimes in the dependent too, in Cork Irish). The dependent is either ní gheobhad or the traditionally correct ní bhfaighead. In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after and after the relative particle, although current usage varies.

Conditional tense

affirmative form negative form
I do gheobhainn Audio də jo:ŋʹ ní bhfaighinn Audio nʹi: vəiŋʹ
you s. do gheofá də jo:fɑ: ní bhfaighfeá nʹi: vəifɑ:
he do gheobhadh sé də jo:x sʹe: ní bhfaigheadh sé nʹi: vəix sʹe:
we do gheobhaimís də jo:mʹi:sʹ ní bhfaighimís nʹi: vəimʹi:sʹ
you pl. do gheobhadh sibh də jo:x sʹivʹ ní bhfaigheadh sibh nʹi: vəix sʹivʹ
they do gheobhaidís də jo:dʹi:sʹ ní bhfaighidís nʹi: vəidʹi:sʹ
one do gheofí də jo:fʹi: ní bhfaighfí nʹi: vəifʹi:

Note: gheibhim shares a conditional form with gabhaim in the absolute at least.

Habitual past or imperfect tense

affirmative form negative form
I d’fhaighinn Audio dəiŋʹ ní fhaighinn Audio nʹi: əiŋʹ
you s. d’fhaightheá dəihɑ: ní fhaightheá nʹi: əihɑ:
he d’fhaigheadh sé dəix sʹe: ní fhaigheadh sé nʹi: əix sʹe:
we d’fhaighimís dəimʹi:sʹ ní fhaighimís nʹi: əimʹi:sʹ
you pl. d’fhaigheadh sibh dəix sʹivʹ ní fhaigheadh sibh nʹi: əix sʹivʹ
they d’fhaighidís dəidʹi:sʹ ní fhaighidís nʹi: əidʹi:sʹ
one d’fhaightí dəitʹi: ní faightí nʹi: fəitʹi:

Note: in historical Irish, the imperfect was do gheibhinn, and this form is found in literature and the Irish of some speakers today (my reader preferred do gheibhinn, and supplied an audio file for that form too:  Audio). In traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after and after the relative particle, although current usage varies. The autonomous positive can also be do fachtí. The second person singular can also be d’fhaighteá /dəitɑ:/.

Imperative mood

affirmative form negative form
I faighim Audio fəimʹ ná faighim Audio nɑ: fəimʹ
you s. faigh fəigʹ ná faigh nɑ: fəigʹ
he faigheadh sé fəix sʹe: ná faigheadh sé nɑ: fəix sʹe:
we faighimís fəimʹi:sʹ ná faighimís nɑ: fəimʹi:sʹ
you pl. faighidh fəi:gʹigʹ ná faighidh nɑ: fəi:gʹigʹ
they faighidís fəidʹi:sʹ ná faighidís nɑ: fəidʹi:sʹ
one faightear fəitər ná faightear nɑ: fəitər

Note: the imperative forms are problematic. The current forms are faigh /fəigʹ/ and faighgidh /fəigʹigʹ/, but the latter form introduces an adventitious g sound. The forms used by Amhlaoibh Ó Loinsigh were faig /fɑgʹ/and either faigh /fəigʹ/or faighgis /fəigʹisʹ/ in the plural.

Present subjunctive

affirmative form negative form
I go bhfaighead Audio gə vəid nár fhaighead Audio nɑ:r əid
you s. go bhfaighir gə vəirʹ nár fhaighir nɑ:r əirʹ
he go bhfaighidh sé gə vəi sʹe: nár fhaighidh sé nɑ:r əi sʹe:
we go bhfaighimíd gə vəimʹi:dʹ nár fhaighimíd nɑ:r əimʹi:dʹ
you pl. go bhfaighidh sibh gə vəi sʹivʹ nár fhaighidh sibh nɑ:r əi sʹivʹ
they go bhfaighid siad gə vəidʹ sʹiəd nár fhaighid siad nɑ:r əidʹ sʹiəd
one go bhfaightear gə vəitər nár faightear nɑ:r fəitər

Note: in traditional Cork Irish, the autonomous form will be found unlenited after nár, although current usage varies.

Imperfect subjunctive

affirmative form negative form
I dá bhfaighinn Audio dɑ: vəiŋʹ mara bhfaighinn Audio mɑrə vəiŋʹ
you s. dá bhfaightheá dɑ: vəihɑ: mara bhfaightheá mɑrə vəihɑ:
he dá bhfaigheadh sé dɑ: vəix sʹe: mara bhfaigheadh sé mɑrə vəix sʹe:
we dá bhfaighimís dɑ: vəimʹi:sʹ mara bhfaighimís mɑrə vəimʹi:sʹ
you pl. dá bhfaigheadh sibh dɑ: vəix sʹivʹ mara bhfaigheadh sibh mɑrə vəix sʹivʹ
they dá bhfaighidís dɑ: vəidʹi:sʹ mara bhfaighidís mɑrə vəidʹi:sʹ
one dá bhfaightí dɑ: vəitʹi: mara bhfaightí mɑrə vəitʹi:

Note: the second person singular can also be dá bhfaighteá /dɑ: vəitɑ:/.

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