Deirim is an irregular verb. Its verbal noun is rá /rɑ:/. The verbal adjective is ráite /rɑ:tʹi/.
Audio files were read by Eoiní Mhaidhc Ó Súilleabháin, native speaker in the Cork Gaeltacht, August 10th-11th 2010.
Habitual present tense
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | deirim Audio | dʹerʹimʹ | ní deirimAudio | nʹi: dʹerʹimʹ | |
| you s. | deireann tú | dʹerʹən tu: | ní deireann tú | nʹi: dʹerʹən tu: | |
| he | deireann sé | dʹerʹən sʹe: | ní deireann sé | nʹi: dʹerʹən sʹe: | |
| we | deirimíd | dʹerʹimʹi:dʹ | ní deirimíd | nʹi: dʹerʹimʹi:dʹ | |
| you pl. | deireann sibh | dʹerʹən sʹivʹ | ní deireann sibh | nʹi: dʹerʹən sʹivʹ | |
| they | deirid siad | dʹerʹidʹ sʹiəd | ní deirid siad | nʹi: dʹerʹidʹ sʹiəd | |
| one | deirthear | dʹerʹhər | ní deirthear | nʹi: dʹerʹhər |
Note: this historically correct forms are adeirim and ní abraim, explaining the lack of lenition; the dependent form is rarely seen and was almost never used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire in the negative. However, he did use ná h-abrann tú? in the negative interrogative in his translation of St. Matthew’s Gospel. A historical 2nd person singular is used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire in the phrase cad deirir? The autonomous form can be /dʹerʹhər/ or /dʹerʹtər/.
Simple past tense
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | duart Audio | duərt | ní duart Audio | nʹi: duərt | |
| you s. | dúraís | du:’ri:sʹ | ní dúraís | nʹi: du:’ri:sʹ | |
| he | duairt sé | duərʹtʹ sʹe: | ní duairt sé | nʹi: duərʹtʹ sʹe: | |
| we | dúramair | du:rəmirʹ | ní dúramair | nʹi: du:rəmirʹ | |
| you pl. | dúrabhair | du:ru:rʹ | ní dúrabhair | nʹi: du:ru:rʹ | |
| they | dúradar | du:rədər | ní dúradar | nʹi: du:rədər | |
| one | dúradh | du:rəg | ní dúradh | nʹi: du:rəg |
Note: historically this verb was aduart.
Future tense
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | déarfad, déarfaidh mé Audio | dʹiarhəd, dʹiarhi mʹe: | ní déarfad, ní déarfaidh mé Audio | nʹi: dʹiarhəd, nʹi: dʹiarhi mʹe: | |
| you s. | déarfair, déarfaidh tú | dʹiarhirʹ, dʹiarhi tu: | ní déarfair, ní déarfaidh tú | nʹi: dʹiarhirʹ, nʹi: dʹiarhi tu: | |
| he | déarfaidh sé | dʹiarhi sʹe: | ní déarfaidh sé | nʹi: dʹiarhi sʹe: | |
| we | déarfaimíd | dʹiarhimʹi:dʹ | ní déarfaimíd | nʹi: dʹiarhimʹi:dʹ | |
| you pl. | déarfaidh sibh | dʹiarhi sʹivʹ | ní déarfaidh sibh | nʹi: dʹiarhi sʹivʹ | |
| they | déarfaid siad | dʹiarhidʹ sʹiəd | ní déarfaid siad | nʹi: dʹiarhidʹ sʹiəd | |
| one | déarfar | dʹiarfər | ní déarfar | nʹi: dʹiarfər |
Note: the historically correct forms here are adéarfad and ní abród; the dependent form is rarely seen and was not used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire.
Conditional tense
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | déarfainn Audio | dʹiarhiŋʹ | ní déarfainn Audio | nʹi: dʹiarhiŋʹ | |
| you s. | déarfá | dʹiarfɑ: | ní déarfá | nʹi: dʹiarfɑ: | |
| he | déarfadh sé | dʹiarhəx sʹe: | ní déarfadh sé | nʹi: dʹiarhəx sʹe: | |
| we | déarfaimís | dʹiarhimʹi:sʹ | ní déarfaimís | nʹi: dʹiarhimʹi:sʹ | |
| you pl. | déarfadh sibh | dʹiarhəx sʹivʹ | ní déarfadh sibh | nʹi: dʹiarhəx sʹivʹ | |
| they | déarfaidís | dʹiarhidʹi:sʹ | ní déarfaidís | nʹi: dʹiarhidʹi:sʹ | |
| one | déarfaí | dʹiarfʹi: | ní déarfaí | nʹi: dʹiarfʹi: |
Note: the historically correct forms here are adéarfainn and ní abróinn; the dependent form is rarely seen and was not used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire.
Habitual past or imperfect tense
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | deirinn Audio | dʹerʹiŋʹ | ní deirinn Audio | nʹi: dʹerʹiŋʹ | |
| you s. | deirtheá | dʹerʹtɑ: | ní deirtheá | nʹi: dʹerʹtɑ:sec | |
| he | deireadh sé | dʹerʹəx sʹe: | ní deireadh sé | nʹi: dʹerʹəx sʹe: | |
| we | deirimís | dʹerʹimʹi:sʹ | ní deirimís | nʹi: dʹerʹimʹi:sʹ | |
| you pl. | deireadh sibh | dʹerʹəx sʹivʹ | ní deireadh sibh | nʹi: dʹerʹəx sʹivʹ | |
| they | deiridís | dʹerʹidʹi:sʹ | ní deiridís | nʹi: dʹerʹidʹi:sʹ | |
| one | deirtí | dʹerʹtʹi: | ní deirtí | nʹi: dʹerʹtʹi: |
Note: the historically correct forms are adeirinn and ní abrainn; the dependent form is rarely seen and was not used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire.
Imperative mood
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | abraim Audio | ɑbrimʹ | ná habraim Audio | nɑ: hɑbrimʹ | |
| you s. | abair | ɑbirʹ | ná habair | nɑ: hɑbirʹ | |
| he | abradh sé | ɑbrəx sʹe: | ná habradh sé | nɑ: hɑbrəx sʹe: | |
| we | abraimís | ɑbrimʹi:sʹ | ná habraimís | nɑ: hɑbrimʹi:sʹ | |
| you pl. | abraidh | ɑbrigʹ | ná habraidh | nɑ: hɑbrigʹ | |
| they | abraidís | ɑbridʹi:sʹ | ná habraidís | nɑ: hɑbridʹi:sʹ | |
| one | abarthar | ɑbərhər | ná habarthar | nɑ: hɑbərhər |
Note: I have attested only abair and abraidh in the writings of Peadar Ua Laoghaire, although the abr- forms are part of the official Standardized Irish and so should still be available in Cork. The autonomous form can be /ɑbərhər/ or /ɑbərtər/.
Present subjunctive
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | go n-abrad Audio | gə nɑbrəd | nár abrad Audio | nɑ:r ɑbrəd | |
| you s. | go n-abrair | gə nɑbrirʹ | nár abrair | nɑ:r ɑbrirʹ | |
| he | go n-abraidh sé | gə nɑbri sʹe: | nár abraidh sé | nɑ:r ɑbri sʹe: | |
| we | go n-abraimíd | gə nɑbrimʹi:dʹ | nár abraimíd | nɑ:r ɑbrimʹi:dʹ | |
| you pl. | go n-abraidh sibh | gə nɑbri sʹivʹ | nár abraidh sibh | nɑ:r ɑbri sʹivʹ | |
| they | go n-abraid siad | gə nɑbridʹ sʹiəd | nár abraid siad | nɑ:r ɑbridʹ sʹiəd | |
| one | go n-abarthar | gə nɑbərhər | nár habarthar | nɑ:r hɑbərhər |
Note: forms in deir- have been adopted in the official Standardized Irish, but I found one example of nó go n-abraidh sibh in Peadar Ua Laoghaire. The present subjunctive is often replaced by the future tense. The autonomous form can be /gə nɑbərhər/ or /gə nɑbərtər/.
Imperfect subjunctive
| affirmative form | negative form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | dá n-abrainn Audio | dɑ: nɑbriŋʹ | mara n-abrainn Audio | mɑrə nɑbriŋʹ | |
| you s. | dá n-abarthá | dɑ: nɑbərhɑ: | mara n-abarthá | mɑrə nɑbərhɑ: | |
| he | dá n-abradh sé | dɑ: nɑbrəx sʹe: | mara n-abradh sé | mɑrə nɑbrəx sʹe: | |
| we | dá n-abraimís | dɑ: nɑbrimʹi:sʹ | mara n-abraimís | mɑrə nɑbrimʹi:sʹ | |
| you pl. | dá n-abradh sibh | dɑ: nɑbrəx sʹivʹ | mara n-abradh sibh | mɑrə nɑbrəx sʹivʹ | |
| they | dá n-abraidís | dɑ: nɑbridʹi:sʹ | mara n-abraidís | mɑrə nɑbridʹi:sʹ | |
| one | dá n-abairtí | dɑ: nɑbirʹtʹi: | mara n-abairtí | mɑrə nɑbirʹtʹi: |
Note: the historically correct forms are shown, as they are attested in Peadar Ua Laoghaire, but dá n-abrainn is probably rivalled by dá ndeirinn. The past subjunctive is often replaced by the conditional tense. The second person singular can be pronounced /dɑ: nɑbərhɑ:/ or /dɑ: nɑbertɑ:/.